modals of obligation, prohibition and no obligation

must/ mustn't/ don't have to:

	Obligation	Prohibition	No obligation
I / you	Must	Mustn’t	Don’t have to
He/ she/ it	Must	Mustn’t	Doesn’t have to
We/ you/ they	Must	Mustn’t	Don’t have to

a. Use : 
 

  I must go to school → correct

  I must to go school → not correct

 She mustn’t smoke  → correct 

  She  mustn't  to smoke → not correct

  She  doesn't have to go to school today

b.  Meaning:

	meaning
Must	You are obliged to do something/it is necessary → obligation
Mustn’t	There is no choice/ you are prohibited from doing something → prohibition
Don’t have to	There is a choice/ you have options/ you can do something, but you are not obliged to do it

Quantifiers with countable and uncountable nouns

Quantifiers:

A. Quantifiers with uncountable nouns:

→ How much……?

−   There is much water/ coffee in the cup

−   We have a little cheese

B.  Quantifiers with countable nouns:

→ How many………?

−   A few students (used with plural countable nouns)

−   Many students ( used with plural countable nouns)

C.  Quantifiers with countable and uncountable nouns:

→ How much or how many……?

−   A lot of sugar/ students  

-     Some water/ students 

−   Any water/ students  

-     Plenty of bananas / time 

how to place adverbs of frequency in a sentence

The placement of the adverbs of frequency

A. In affirmative sentences:

a)  Adverbs of frequency come between a subject and a verb: 

                    S+ adverb of frequency + verb

                     I often go to school

b)  Adverbs of frequency come after verb “be”:

                    S+ am/ is/ are + adverb of frequency

                    I’m always at home/ he is usually at school

c)  Adverbs of frequency come between a modal and a verb:

                      S+ modal+ adverb of frequency+ verb

                      You can always hear music

d)  In perfect tenses, adverbs of frequency come between auxiliary and the main verb: 

                    S+ have + adverbs of frequency + the main verb

                      The actor has always got much talent and skill

B.  In negative sentences: 

a.  Adverbs of frequency come between the auxiliary (do/ does) + not + the verb: 

                    S+ don’t/ doesn’t + adverb of frequency + verb

                    He doesn’t often go to school

b.  Adverbs of frequency come after the verb “be” + not :

                       S + am not/  isn’t/ aren’t + adverbs of frequency

                        She isn’t usually here in the morning

C.  In interrogative sentences:

1.  Adverbs of frequency come between the auxiliary (do/ does) + subject and the main verb:

                       do/ does + S+ adverbs of frequency+ verb

                        Does your mother sometimes play Tennis?

2.  Adverbs of frequency come after the verb “be”+ not+ the subject: 

                          isn’t/ aren’t + S + adverbs of frequency  

                                Isn’t Ahmed usually here?